NEUROPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL  INTEGRATED THEORY ABOUT PERCEPTION IN LATERALIZATION PROCESSES

The integration of  neurosciences for the study of the higher functions of human brain

Michele Trimarchi

Presented at V  International Conference of International Organization of Psychophysiology – Budapest, July 9-14^th 1990

ABSTRACT

The processes of lateralization represent now, to psychology, the basis  of researches on higher functions of human brain. Intelligence, logic,  creativeness begin to find explanation just within the associative and  integrative processes that take place within the cerebral hemispheres. Through  Neurophysiology we can follow the input within the physiological functions of  the brain and verify the processes of activation-inhibition which totally rule  the perception. Infact, the objective perception requests an  inter-hemispherical synergism with a dominance of the right hemisphere; on the  contrary the dominance of the right hemisphere produces repetitive, automatic,  “obsolete” responses, limiting the creative capabilities of the brain.

By integrating the results of the researches performed worldwide on such  processes, we are today able to hypothesize a logical line of the various  perceptive phases to produce new “contributions” to the ancient dispute  mind-brain.

PREMISE

The human evolution pushes mankind towards a gradual consciousness  raising of life. The philogenesis, a process of endless energy transformation,  “materializes” with ontogenesis in space and time a lot of physical and  biological systems which, regardless of their duration, always and anyway  produce some positive effects for the evolution of the energy.

These sentences which have an absolute scientific value, are legitimated  by an integrated perception of physical dynamism of cerebral components which  give life to the highest values of human thought. It’s impossible, infact,  accessing to the comprehension of perception without a large knowledge of the  energy being coded in the shape of real “messages” which reaches the sense organs  and is decoded by them into further other forms of energy which excite the  complex neuronal systems which, through sensations emotions and rationality  give the individual conscience of one’s own existing and becoming.

INTRODUCTION

The slow and hard path of neurosciences towards the comprehension of  cerebral phenomena makes impossible the harmonic development of the entire  human society. By convention, worldwide researchers within their own scientific  disciplines a lot of data which, if integrated, accelerate the comprehension of  the higher functions of human brain. Unfortunately, just due to some cerebral  mechanisms, even within the scientific research a kind of negative competition  exists, and it is in opposition with the scientific cooperation oriented to the  research of the truth. In most of cases, infact, the researchers develop  individualisms which lead to personal exaltation and to forms of power which  suffocate the evolution of knowledge.

I have more than once said that all the mysteries of life are closed  within the encephal and it’s within it that we have to search the explanation  of birth and death of an organism, therefore we need courageous choices which  allow us to unveil such mysteries and avoid mental pettiness which lead  populations to self-destruction.

The birth and death of an individual are written on the chromosomes  which give life to the same individual. It’s been experimentally proved how the  cells of the organism can not duplicate over a certain number of times, like  the nervous cells do not duplicate because as all of the possible energetic  combinations for over hundred years of life are contained within their  chromosomes, at a genetic level. The birth and are integrated within life which  physiologically pre-exists to the individual. The explanation of such phenomena  is within a new conception of a multidisciplinary and integrated approach  method proposed by me since many years to the international scientific  community. Such method is infact fundamental for the study of physiological  processes , as we can not leave aside the fact that every system is physical,  dynamic and “works” on the basis of fundamental principles of physics. All of  the forces, therefore – gravitational, electromagnetic, chemical, mechanic,  weak, strong etc.- dynamically rule every phenomenon. If we learn to use the  enormous efforts performed by ingenious men who in the past have attempted to  give very important tools to the scientific research for a better comprehension  of the same phenomena, e.g. Von Bertalanfy who proposed the systemic approach,  Wiener, the father of cybernetics, through which he intended to comprehend the  dynamism of life, and, not last the integrated method proposed by me, which  integrates both of general systems and cybernetics, it’ll be surely easier to  us to produce useful knowledge to mankind.

The pragmatism of reached scientific knowledge will be like this only if  we integrate the knowledge of all of the disciplines to comprehend Man in his  Psychophysical and spiritual integrity. Otherwise, we feel allowed to assert  that such knowledge with their chemical, physical and technological products  are altering the dynamism of all of the balances of the ecosystem. The chemical  manipulation of Nature, the genetic experimentation of living organisms make  entropy raise dramatically, threatening the biophysical balances of all of  living beings. That’s why nothing can now be comprehended without a strong  finalization and integration of science. To reduce entropy we need to produce  neghentropy, i.e. integrated knowledge for the harmonization of the biosphere.

TOWARDS THE DEFINITION OF AN INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC METHOD FOR THE  INTEGRATION OF NEUROSCIENCES

The priority question which it’s important to answer is which are the  fundamental variables we have to refer to in order to remove that mechanic  model which today is not enough to describe the dynamism of the real world in  which we see ourselves as observers and interpreters. The first consideration  to make is that the brains contains genetically in power all the gamma of the  possible energetic combinations through which we measure, verify and memorize  luminous, acoustic, chemical and mechanic energy which through the sense organs  flows into the neurophysiological cerebral system. The fundamental paradigm of  all of this is to be found in the conception according to which all of energy  performs coding and decoding which we can conceptualize as a continuous  exchange of information between physical and biological systems. All of this  represents a decisive change compared to the previous variables Energy/Matter,  now Energy/Matter/Information (paradigm EMI).

Proceeding in the building of such an interpretative system, we see that  the energy flow which invests our senses derives from the decoding of the “matter”.  Just the matter, in the terms we know it scientifically in its physical and  biological dynamism; mentally it is represented by the received information in  the shape of vibration waves, chemical exchanges and mechanic actions.

The neurophysiological integrative-perceptive system rebuilds what the  informational system “Environment_1” sends in the shape of coded energy in  terms of action units (quanta of energy per time). Within this the “mental  objectivity” concept is configured. Memory acts as a dynamic storage of  information received and integrated in various times and places, which can be  later re-elaborated and integrated, giving life to the vision we have of the  world and we transfer  into the  interactions with communication. The continuous energy exchange linked to  einsteinian principle conceptualized by us as Energy-Matter-Information,  produces continuous transformations in a way being directly proportional to the  interacting information, where the speed of transformations depends on strength  and acceleration impressed on information and on the physiology of the  receiving physical system. This is a general law produced by us through  integrated sciences which can be applied to all of physical and biological  systems.

E.g. some enzymes within metabolism react quickly and are sometime able  to operate on 106 molecules/sec. Consider the fact that a verbal information  transmitted by the vocalization system travels through air  at about 340 m/sec and, once it reached the  eardrum, the information is decoded by the nervous receptors and transmitted to  the perception areas at about 70-80 m/sec. Such process activates the  metabolism of the nervous cells producing interaction among molecules with  information exchanges at different speeds, coordinated by a biophysical system  (genetic) which follows its logic dynamically organised.

As we saw the process is continuous and, regardless of physical,  chemical, electromagnetic transformations which operate in the transport of  information, the initial substance of the message “doesn’t change”. Every  interacting system supplies the required energy to perform an useful work to  the consciousness raising, supporting at the same time the evolution of all of  the physical systems involved in the operation.

We can’t therefore help thinking about the ‘continuum’ of intense  biophysical activities and about the ‘intelligent’ logic that rules ‘life’ of  the molecules, cells and organisms generally. We can therefore say that  everything is related to what we want to detect and to the template used in the  interpretation of the detected data. Our interpretation ‘model’ is dynamic,  integrated and overall it remains ‘open’, so that every detected data in the  observation is located within the perceptive system, increasingly enriching the  dynamic vision of the phenomenon. Further Analyzing the role of the vibration  status of Matter/Energy decoded and coded into useful information for the  consciousness raising, we see how the ‘visible’ electromagnetic spectrum, from  3.8x1014Hz to 7.7x1014Hz, sound ‘waves’, from 20 to 20x103Hz and chemical and  sublimated chemical substances and other kinds of mechanic temperature pressure  energies neurophysiologically integrate creating that vibration status of  molecules within the nervous cells and giving life to what we refer to as  intelligence, creativity, altruism and selfishness, joy and suffering of the  biological world and human society.

From this we understand how any specific knowledge requires a  multidiscipline approach and the results are to be integrated to comprehend the  physiology of the phenomenon. The conscience raises, therefore, from the  movement of the energy, always linked to the physical characteristics of the  information, to the communication system and to coding and decoding system of  received and transmitted energy. What changes time by time are shape and speed  of information which product different phenomena on the base of the  evolutionary level of the receiving-transmitting system. From the simple  electron to the galaxies everything is information, moves and evolves  generating continuous transformations of energy. As we are to see farther, the  study of the upper functions of the human brain through this new integrated  method allows such a ‘freedom’ of the researcher’s mind to allow him to perceive  and integrate information that are normally discriminated by those mental  ‘filters’ given by the present educational system. This method will surely  produce more creativity and less individual and social conflicts.

FOUNDATIONS OF INTEGRATED PHYSIOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF HIGHER FUNCTIONS  OF HUMAN BRAIN

The anatomic-functional organization of the encephal offers a lot of  starting points to those who intend to put together shape, dynamism and  substance. At a first sight it looks impossible thinking that the  neurophysiologic structures of the encephal may give life to those forms of  great human geniality which during history have made uncancellable their works.  The non-comprehension of such processes allowed and allows to develop thesis  and theories which still today negatively influence the evolution of mankind.

The main anatomic structures of the encephal are made of two great  hemispheres kept together by the corpus callosum which, with about 200M fibers  in man and a minimum of 25% more in woman, allows a dynamic kind of  communication among all of the main areas of cerebral cortex of both  hemispheres. Present neurophysiologic knowledge suggests the cerebral cortex as  the goal of ‘all’ of sensorial information. Such goal allows the individual to  raise consciousness.

Every cerebral hemisphere has been divided into lobes: frontal,  temporal, parietal, occipital. Such a division has gradually brought towards  the individuation of areas to which specific functions have been attributed.

So we get to Brodmann’s and others’ work, who gave the opportunity to  individuate at an anatomic and functional level the citoarchitectural of the  brain. Going on the path of the infinitely small, we get through neurochemistry  into the nervous cells, to discover which logic DNA replies through to  sensorial stimulus producing chemical and bioelectrical messages, creating a thick  communication net between the inside physical world and the outside physical  world. Two worlds in a continuous interaction and communication, which allow in  time to form, within the encephal an “I” through which it’s possible reaching  such high knowledge levels to make man “Lord” of his habitat and of the Universe.

We are now capable to understand the physicality and the dynamism of the  communication between encephal and environment. We can identify at a physical  and chemical level the information, in transmission and perception phase. It’s  possible, finally, analyzing all the path and the characteristics of the  information and of the transport vehicle in “visible” and “invisible”. This is  even for all of the other kinds of information (sounding, chemical and  mechanic) till the moment the invisible becomes visible, the not audible  becomes audible, etc. i.e. the moment the cerebral cortex specifically excited  by the information makes us conscious of the characteristics carried by the  same information.

As we can see, the “coding” of this hypothesis or theory of perception  of mine just highlights the physicality of the substantial continuum which  rules the physiology of perception, without repeating what all of those who  operate in research of neurophysiological sciences know. This is to avoid a  waste of energies which may certainly be used in a more useful way.

The physiology of perception must, therefore, consider the new paradigm  we introduced (E/M/I), i.e. all of the matter is coded energy and, therefore,  information. The information has been defined by me “the exchange coin of the  energy”. Our sense organs are in fact energy transducers: their physical  difference is linked to the capability of the brain to perceive all of the  forms of energy of our ecosystem. The evolution of science has arbitrarily  produced separations between a kind of energy and another, creating an entire  series of codes, symbols, and conventions which the brain tries to integrate  into the nervous system. The Nature has its own codes through which gives life  to what we call physics, chemistry, biology, etc.. As we see the “intelligence”  of the Nature, through its own codes, “uses” very well all of the energies in a  dynamic and integrated way, and ,regardless of our knowledge, puts us into  concrete form and pushes us, afterwards, towards the realization of an “I”  within which everybody can get to decide, want, “can”, create and know, just  because the “I” will be an identification outside of the time which can act in  time and space. The memory, therefore, becomes the “I”, if the “I” is capable  to identify the space with all of its messages and, at the same time, transcend  time and space projecting into the present the future actions through the  memory which makes the past live in the present.

What does memory mean in the life of the human being? By answering this  question we not only discover the target of the perception, but even the goal  of life. In fact we are now sure that every human being is born and dies: such  a biological cycle would be useless if there wasn’t the dynamism of the memory  which, moment by moment, modifies therefore transforms the quality of the  energy. From the radiation to the molecules, from the unicellular and  multicellular  organisms, to Man, the  memory is the real richness, it’s the real patrimony of the physical system,  which develops the capability to produce information and interact with the  environment, identifying oneself and it. All of this is configured in the  principle nothing is created nothing is destroyed everything is transformed.  Here is, therefore, an explanation hypothesis according to which every element  must interact, exchange information as this makes the system evolve. In fact, a  lot of experiments and studies performed on kids demonstrates that, from the  birth, the being has a lot of drives, pushing him to “want” self-determination  (justice, freedom, socialization, continuous enrichment of information, wish to  know, etc.). That’s why birth and death are substantially part of life of the  organism which, through its vital cycle is integrated in a dynamic system on  whose base everything is transformed, but doesn’t die. What is sure is that the  evolution happens thanks to the physical capability to memorize the information  and to continuously transform the energy enriching the system with new  information. In physics, in fact, the death concept does not exist, and we are  physical entities ruled by physical laws. We can now redefine the concept of  perception: “The perception is the act  through which the being identifies the physical characteristics of the  environment”. The conscience is the result of the memories, of what is  perceived, which is dynamically enriched in time and space. The quality of the  information in the perception determines the “quality” of the conscience. The  perception takes place through earing, visual, chemical, mechanical  information, and can be determined by natural or artificial information. All of  the natural information are qualitatively valid, i.e. all of those information  sent to the brain from everything that is produced by Nature; on the opposite, all  of the information produced by mankind are artificial (codes, symbols and  conventions). If the mankind-produced information do not integrated with the  those produced by Nature, they produce conflicts, imbalance and lateralization  within the brain the cito-architecture is activated of the two cerebral  hemispheres is activated by the physical characteristics of the natural  information, which always allow a synergic and integrated if lateralizing  memorizations have not become estabilished. In such a case the right hemisphere  perceives the information and the left hemisphere, instead associates it to a  pre-memorized information. Here is the extreme importance of information. The  quality of life and environment depends on it. The present status of entropy of  the Planet, of the society, is produced by the ignorance we have of this  process which brings us to prefer quantity of information and not quality. In  fact, the scientific method currently used by all of disciplines ignores the  “concept of quality”.

The concepts of quality and quantity have been until today the topic of  philosophical disquisitions, but thanks to the new scientific acquisitions and  to the Integrated Sciences they may and have to be a topic of physiology.

No physiologist can in fact analyze and describe a process without  deeply knowing the physical laws that rule it. The laws decoded until today are  approximate and they too often reduce the system – dynamic and integrated by  nature – to a pile of not always confirmed hypotheses, reducing everything to a  fragmentary not physiological, i.e. natural, explanation. It seems that the  knowledge acquired by science are lacking of those harmonic vibrations which  animate the natural processes. This means that the relationship between the  cognitive product and the concrete reality is such to prevent the opportunity  to acquire through science the “soul” of what we want to mentally represent.

The hypothesis now must not be confirmed by the experiment, but by  concrete reality, i.e. by the natural process. Nature must confirm our science,  this will surely help a re-balancing of the biosphere and, overall, of the  brains, which won’t be anymore antagonists of our biology, produced by the laws  of the Nature, i.e. by natural information exchange.

New parameters for the physiological research therefore emerge, that may  be summarized as follows:

1. The Einstein conception Energy-Matter becomes  Energy-Matter-Information (E/M/I):

a – every physical and biological system is produced by the information  and produces and exchanges information;

b – all of energy transformations take place through information exchanges  on the base of what is expressed at –a- point;

c – the several forms of energy are always and anyway information  constantly reacting in a continuum which, regardless of the form, always and  anyway produces evolution;

d – all of the acquired knowledge about the several forms of energy are  to be integrated so that the cognitive tools confirm the dynamism and the  dynamic inter-dependency of the several forms of energy.

2. The memory and the consciousness raising justify the form in time and  space:

a – every physical and biological organism produced by the information  lives in time and space to get a sense of the information that determined it;

b – the evolution of the species or the physical system exists for the  time required for the consciousness raising;

c – the evolution is a continuous enrichment of the conscience and the  process that determined it. The “completion” of such conscience formally  transforms the system into new energetic dimensions.

3. The brain of Man (woman-man) contains in power the evolution of all  of the physical and biological elements existing on our planet:

a – the evolution of mankind gradually brings Man towards a  consciousness raising of all of the processes that determined it;

b – the evolution of knowledge brings Man to perform outside of himself  what he has already performed in conscience on the base of physical, chemical,  biological laws that determined it. Therefore he gradually takes possession of  knowledge of himself.

4. The highest level of knowledge, reached by human evolution about  “physiological” functions of the brain, is summarized by the creation of the  computer and media like TV, radio, etc. In fact the social organization is  almost completely entrusted to the logic through which computers elaborate  information: that’s why most of human beings carry out logical systems which  can be perfectly reproduced by a computer.

a – Love, Joy, Justice, freedom, pan, hate, aggressiveness, competition  are concept not scientifically cleared up and this makes mankind grope in the  dark producing considerable dramas and damages.

The above leaves no doubt about the fact that, in order to solve the  problems of the world, it is necessary to clear up scientifically how joy,  love, justice, freedom, etc., originate within the human brain, in order to be  able to carry them on a social and human level, to accelerate the evolutional process.

THE FUNCTION OF THE INFORMATION IN THE LATERALIZATION PROCESSES

On the base the foundations of integrated physiology expressed above we  step to analyze the neuropsychophysiological mechanisms that rule the  perception within the lateralization processes of the two cerebral hemispheres.

For a long time neurophysiological sciences didn’t give much importance  to the duality of nervous systems both central and peripheral. The studies of  Sperry, others, and my own ones demonstrate, on the opposite side, the reasons  why two cerebral systems live together within us, and they develop two kinds of  conscience which can ignore each other or cooperate, but never copy each other.  This means that in most of cases “two persons” live together within us: one is  free from aggressiveness, antagonism, opposed to kind of discrimination with  the possibility to integrate new information (right hemisphere); the other  always wants the last word, discriminates, fights to impose his own personality  in the environment, has many adaptation difficulties to everything being new to  his mnemonic filed, learns new information only if they are useful to  avoid  coercions or get rewards (left hemisphere).

It’s not difficult, at this point, understanding which kind of  hemisphere or personality has been favourite in the Homo Sapiens’ civilization,  i.e. which is the dominant hemisphere.

This short premise is required to frame the neurophysiological situation  appeared from a lot of experiments performed on patients whose corpus callosum  had been cut off due to serious epileptic ailments, damages on several cortical  areas, psychopathologies of several kinds.

The large scientific literature existing on this topic confirms the  above said.

One of the first questions I asked myself was why two cerebral  hemispheres anatomically the same live together while, as a matter of fact, for  the social relationship life we develop a left hemisphere personality. In fact  the language, mathematics and the logical reasoning physiologically refer to  the left hemisphere, and as this is the dominant one he created a society in  his likeness, i.e. a competitive society, where everybody wants to impose his  own mental models, where the rule of reward and punishment is in force, and  where you fight and discriminate all that is different from yourself. In  synthesis, we look for the power as an instrument to rule on the others.

The “positive” aspects of the left hemisphere are the planning of human  society through collective models, repetitive in all of the environments of  social life. This helped the worldwide distribution of the knowledge being  reached by human evolution, creating, more over, to the technology which  produces instruments capable to enhance the operational and perceptive  capabilities of the left hemisphere.

Science, in fact, explains and demonstrates itself, but not the dynamism  of life. “Physiology”, therefore, is almost excluded from the acquisition  possibilities of the left hemisphere.

The basic hypothesis introduced by me, at several meetings, about the  reasons physiologically differencing the functions of the two hemispheres,  highlights an evolutional process being ruled by the neuropsychophysiology of  perception, more than the genetic nature of the two hemispheres.

In fact, at the birth, the two hemisphere don’t have large anatomical  and functional differences. The lateralization processes are activated by the  information that reach the sense organs. In fact, babies are not much  lateralized and in the case of a left emispherectomy, the right hemisphere may  take-charge to develop almost all of the functions that were attributed to the  left hemisphere, with some behavioural modifications that are very interesting from  a neuropsychophysiological point of view as they are typical of the logic  through which the right hemisphere elaborates information.

In fact the right hemisphere does not learn to repeat, but it’s always  original in its reply, at least when the left hemisphere allows it, as its  perception is “physiological” to the information. The left hemisphere, on the  opposite side, not always perceives the information physiologically as the  incoming input nearly always evokes by association a pre-memorized similar information  which, through its formal content, replies to the environment. From this we  deduce that the left hemisphere is not objective to reality, but replies and  defends the accumulated and reinforced through years mnemonic content.

By deeper analyzing the perceptive phase of the two hemispheres we  notice for example that every input separately reaches the two hemispheres, to  be elaborated at several levels of functional hierarchy. In this passage we  just consider the upper functions of the brain relating to acoustic and visual  ways , as it is mainly through them that most of lateralization processes  happen, even if all of the other sense-related organs like taste, smell, touch,  and those within the organism delegated to the control of sense-motor functions,  can not be separated from the global process related to the development of  conscience.

In fact, I previously explained that every sensorial input of every  physical nature, if it is physiological, i.e. natural, not coded by Man, may be  decoded within the several neurophysiological structures into other energy  forms. For example through the touch, which uses mechanical transducers, we can  rebuild through association an image, a sound, a smell, a taste, etc. This  means that information can give life to a form of cortical synergic  “reverberation” which may “transcend” the same physical characteristics of the  activating input and bring the brain to levels of re-elaboration of the initial  information towards the great intuitions and the “transcendence”.

The cortical functions lateralize, on the opposite side, those  information coded by us to the shape of codes, symbols, conventions, models,  notions, which conserve the characteristic of repetitiveness.

For more explanation we say that an information that has not to be  re-elaborated creatively, which doesn’t keep a co-acting link with the  “objective reality”, contains within the automatism of repetitiveness,  “creating” a “closed” informational system which forces the brain to memorize  the information basically on the reward, punishment, gratification and  penalization principle.

We previously explained that energy in biological systems and in  physical environment is dynamic and integrated. Everything is information and  everything is transformed and evolved through the action of the same  information. The dynamic interdependency of the several forms of energy,  therefore, exists. As a direct consequence, the information which lateralize  the upper functions of the human brain are antagonist of the principle of  dynamic interdependency and this creates limitations to the evolution of  conscience. Therefore the repetitiveness is antagonist of the creativeness, of  the cognitive growth.

University and scholastic didactics, in fact, mainly in science, applies  the repetitiveness method, which on one side helps the distribution of acquired  knowledge, and on the other side lateralizes the functions of the two cerebral  hemispheres, strongly slowing down the inter-hemispherical synergism, the  cortical reverberation, the intuitions, the creativity. Moreover, such a  process, if brought to the paradox, produces negative effects in the range from  personality disorder to schizophrenia.

The psycho-physical wellbeing comes from the inter-hemispheric synergism  because, as everybody knows, every psychological conflict status is  psychosomatically elaborated through the psycho-neuro-endocrine axis. One  syndrome, defined by me “syndrome of functional inter-hemispherical  disconnection” afflicts today mainly the highly technologically developed  countries. The symptoms is detectable from the missing capability by the  individual to associate the “human” aspects to culture and science. In fact the  humanization of culture and science consists of integrating the acquired  knowledge for the understanding of the natural processes that happen within and  outside us.

Our humanity is linked to the physiology of the functions of the right  hemisphere, which maintains a physiological interaction with the environment.  Anybody can verify this process on the population.

Inside other works we’ll be deeper dealing with such a topic, as every  assertion of this relation is the “fruit” of years of study aiming at the  understanding of the physiology of the upper functions of the brain through a  method I can define as “spontaneous”, subsequently coded into “Integrated  Sciences”.

Physics are the starting point for the understanding of the environment,  of the ecosystem and of ourselves contained within it. In our case, Man is the  expression of endless physical processes and remains, with his biology,  integrated to the ecosystem, and through his upper neuropsychophysiological  functions he can transcend his physical dimension and space out within the  Universe.

The brain, therefore, with its marvellous frontal lobes, with its  temporal-parietal-occipital associative areas is “waiting” to be used.

We use, in fact, not much our frontal lobes and overall with present  science and culture we partially keep them separated. The solution of the  problems of the world lies within them. It’s childish thinking and writing, as  I read in some neurophysiology works, that their functions are not so important  for the relationship life. This can be true for those who live their life on a  vegetative-like level, but not for those who gave and still are giving lights  to human evolution in science and all other fields of human knowledge.

We who dedicate our life to the advancing of neuropsychophysiological  knowledge have the responsibility of what is happening worldwide due to the  lack of unambiguous knowledge about the upper functions of the human brain,  which particularly reside within the frontal lobes and within the  characteristics of the information which since the birth on penetrate and  develop all of the functions of both the central and peripheral nervous system.

I recommend You to other works for more explanation on what above  expressed and, overall, about the bibliography.

What is sure is that we need to have the courage to express ideas,  studies and researches which can pull mankind out from the scientific and  cultural stall it is lying within.

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